f'
represents the derivative of a function f of one argument.
Derivative[n1,n2,…][f]
is the general form, representing a function obtained from f by differentiating n1 times with respect to the first argument, n2 times with respect to the second argument, and so on.
Derivative 
f'
represents the derivative of a function f of one argument.
Derivative[n1,n2,…][f]
is the general form, representing a function obtained from f by differentiating n1 times with respect to the first argument, n2 times with respect to the second argument, and so on.
Details
- f' is equivalent to Derivative[1][f]. »
- f'' parses as Derivative[2][f].
- You can think of Derivative as a functional operator which acts on functions to give derivative functions. »
- Derivative is generated when you apply D to functions whose derivatives the Wolfram Language does not know. »
- The Wolfram Language attempts to convert Derivative[n][f] and so on to pure functions. Whenever Derivative[n][f] is generated, the Wolfram Language rewrites it as D[f[#],{#,n}]&. If the Wolfram Language finds an explicit value for this derivative, it returns this value. Otherwise, it returns the original Derivative form. »
- Derivative[-n][f] represents the n
indefinite integral of f. » - Derivative[{n1,n2,…}][f] represents the derivative of f[{x1,x2,…}] taken ni times with respect to xi. In general, arguments given in lists in f can be handled by using a corresponding list structure in Derivative. »
- N[f'[x]] will give a numerical approximation to a derivative. »
Examples
open all close allBasic Examples (4)
Derivatives of built in-functions:
{Exp'[x], Cos'[x]}Derivatives evaluated at a particular point:
{Exp'[1.5], Cos'[1.5]}Derivative of a user-defined function:
f[x_] := Sin[x] + x ^ 2
f'[x]D[f[x], x]Derivative at a particular value:
f'[0.5]D[f[x], x] /. x -> 0.5Cos''[x]Cos'''[x]Higher-order derivatives of a user-defined function:
f[x_] := Sin[x] + x ^ 2
{f''[x], f'''[x]}f' as a shorthand for Derivative[1][f]:
Hold[f'] === Hold[Derivative[1][f]]Similarly, f'' is a shorthand for Derivative[2][f]:
Hold[f''] === Hold[Derivative[2][f]]Scope (7)
The Derivative[k] applied to a function returns a function:
Tan'Tan''This also applies to user-defined functions:
f[x_] := x Cos[x];f'f''The exception is if no derivative can be computed, in which case the input is returned unchanged:
g'On input, as many primes as desired can be used:
{Sin'[x], Sin''[x], Sin'''[x], Sin''''[x]}On output, symbolic derivatives of third and higher orders do not use primes:
{f'[x], f''[x], f'''[x], f''''[x]}Partial derivatives with respect to different arguments:
f[x_, y_] := Cos[x] Sin[y]The partial derivative with respect to the first argument:
Derivative[1, 0][f][x, y]A mixed partial evaluated at a particular value:
Derivative[1, 2][f][3, 4]Partial derivatives for functions with list arguments:
f[{x_, y_}] := Cos[x] Sin[y]The partial derivative with respect to the first element:
Derivative[{1, 0}][f][{x, y}]A mixed partial evaluated at a particular value:
Derivative[{1, 2}][f][{3, 4}]Define a derivative for a function:
f'[x_] := If[PossibleZeroQ[x], N[0, Precision[x]], (x Cos[x] - Sin[x]) / x ^ 2];f'[0.]Plot[f'[x], {x, -10, 10}]Define partial derivatives for a function:
Derivative[1, 0][f][x_, y_] := y;
Derivative[0, 1][f][x_, y_] := x;This effectively defines the gradient:
D[f[x, y], {{x, y}}]VectorPlot[%, {x, -2, 2}, {y, -2, 2}]Derivative with a negative integer order can do integrals:
Derivative[-2][Function[x, x ^ n]]Integrate[x ^ n, x, x]Properties & Relations (4)
Derivative computes derivatives with respect to the input parameter, not any particular variables:
Sinh'Any evaluation point is simply substituted into the resulting derivative function:
{Sinh'[1], Sinh'[x], Sinh'[a x]}This is different from D, which computes a partial derivative with respect to a particular variable in an expression:
{D[Sinh[1], x], D[Sinh[x], x], D[Sinh[a x], x]}The partial derivative of an unknown function is expressed in terms of Derivative:
D[f[x], x]%//FullFormThis extends to multivariate functions:
D[g[x, y], y]%//FullFormPartial derivatives of a multivariate function are represented by a Derivative expression with a sequence of integers:
D[f[x, y], {x, 2}, y]%//InputFormPartial derivatives of a univariate function of a list are represented by a Derivative expression with a list of integers:
D[g[{x, y}], {x, 2}, y]%//InputFormUse N to find a numerical approximation to the derivative:
Zeta'[3]N[Zeta'[3]]Related Guides
Related Links
History
Introduced in 1988 (1.0) | Updated in 1996 (3.0) ▪ 1999 (4.0) ▪ 2000 (4.1) ▪ 2002 (4.2)
Text
Wolfram Research (1988), Derivative, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Derivative.html (updated 2002).
CMS
Wolfram Language. 1988. "Derivative." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2002. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Derivative.html.
APA
Wolfram Language. (1988). Derivative. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Derivative.html
BibTeX
@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_derivative, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Derivative}", year="2002", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Derivative.html}", note=[Accessed: 13-June-2026]}
BibLaTeX
@online{reference.wolfram_2026_derivative, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Derivative}, year={2002}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Derivative.html}, note=[Accessed: 13-June-2026]}