AiryAiPrime[z]
gives the derivative of the Airy function
.
AiryAiPrime
AiryAiPrime[z]
gives the derivative of the Airy function
.
Details
- Mathematical function, suitable for both symbolic and numerical manipulation.
- For certain special arguments, AiryAiPrime automatically evaluates to exact values.
- AiryAiPrime can be evaluated to arbitrary numerical precision.
- AiryAiPrime automatically threads over lists.
- AiryAiPrime can be used with Interval and CenteredInterval objects. »
Examples
open all close allBasic Examples (5)
AiryAiPrime[0.5]Plot over a subset of the reals:
Plot[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, -10, 10}]Plot over a subset of the complexes:
ComplexPlot3D[AiryAiPrime[z], {z, -8 - I, 5 + I}, PlotLegends -> Automatic]Series expansion at the origin:
Series[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, 0, 4}]Series expansion at Infinity:
Series[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, ∞, 2}]Scope (40)
Numerical Evaluation (5)
Evaluate numerically to high precision:
N[AiryAiPrime[5 / 2], 50]The precision of the output tracks the precision of the input:
AiryAiPrime[2.50000000000000000000000]Evaluate for complex arguments:
AiryAiPrime[2.5 + I]Evaluate AiryAiPrime efficiently at high precision:
AiryAiPrime[0.5`500]//TimingAiryAiPrime[0.5`2000];//TimingCompute worst-case guaranteed intervals using Interval and CenteredInterval objects:
AiryAiPrime[Interval[{1.9, 2}]]AiryAiPrime[CenteredInterval[2, 0.1]]Or compute average-case statistical intervals using Around:
AiryBiPrime[ Around[2, 0.01]]Compute the elementwise values of an array:
AiryBiPrime[{{-1.2, 0}, {0, 1.}}]Or compute the matrix AiryBiPrime function using MatrixFunction:
MatrixFunction[AiryBiPrime, {{-1.2, 0}, {0, 1.}}]Specific Values (3)
Simple exact values are generated automatically:
AiryAiPrime[0]Limit[AiryAiPrime[x], x -> Infinity]Find a zero of AiryAiPrime using Solve:
xzero = N@Solve[AiryAiPrime[x] == 0 && -4 < x < -2, x][[1, 1, 2]]//QuietPlot[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, -5, 3}, Epilog -> Style[Point[{xzero, AiryAiPrime[xzero]}], PointSize[Large], Red]]Visualization (3)
Plot the AiryAiPrime function:
Plot[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, -7, 3}]ComplexContourPlot[Re[AiryAiPrime[z]], {z, -4 - 4I, 4 + 4I}, Contours -> 20]ComplexContourPlot[Im[AiryAiPrime[z]], {z, -4 - 4I, 4 + 4I}, Contours -> 20]A plot of the absolute value of AiryAiPrime over the complex plane:
Plot3D[Abs[AiryAiPrime[x + I y]], {x, -8, 5}, {y, -1, 1}, ClippingStyle -> None]Function Properties (9)
AiryAiPrime is defined for all real and complex values:
FunctionDomain[AiryAiPrime[x], x]FunctionDomain[AiryAiPrime[z], z, Complexes]Function range of AiryAiPrime:
FunctionRange[AiryAiPrime[x], x, y]AiryAiPrime is an analytic function of x:
FunctionAnalytic[AiryAiPrime[x], x]AiryAiPrime is neither non-increasing nor non-decreasing:
FunctionMonotonicity[AiryAiPrime[x], x]AiryAiPrime is not injective:
FunctionInjective[AiryAiPrime[x], x]Plot[{AiryAiPrime[x], .3}, {x, -10, 5}]AiryAiPrime is surjective:
FunctionSurjective[AiryAiPrime[x], x]Plot[{AiryAiPrime[x], -1.5}, {x, -50, 5}]AiryAiPrime is neither non-negative nor non-positive:
FunctionSign[AiryAiPrime[x], x]AiryAiPrime has no singularities or discontinuities:
FunctionSingularities[AiryAiPrime[x], x]FunctionDiscontinuities[AiryAiPrime[x], x]AiryAiPrime is neither convex nor concave:
FunctionConvexity[AiryAiPrime[x], x]Differentiation (3)
D[AiryAiPrime[x], x]Table[D[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, n}], {n, 1, 4}]Plot[Evaluate[%], {x, -1, 1}, PlotLegends -> {"First Derivative", "Second Derivative", "Third Derivative", "Fourth Derivative"}]D[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, n}]Integration (3)
Integral of AiryAiPrime gives back AiryAi:
Integrate[AiryAiPrime[x], x]Definite integral of AiryAiPrime:
Integrate[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, 0, Infinity}]Integrate[x ^ a AiryAiPrime[x] ^ 2, x]Integrate[AiryAi[a x]AiryAiPrime[a x], x]Series Expansions (4)
Taylor expansion for AiryAiPrime:
Series[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, 0, 7}]Plot the first three approximations for AiryAiPrime around
:
terms = Normal@{Series[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, 0, 2}], Series[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, 0, 3}], Series[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, 0, 5}]};
Plot[{AiryAiPrime[x], terms}, {x, -2, 2}]General term in the series expansion of AiryAiPrime:
SeriesCoefficient[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, 0, n}]Find the series expansion at infinity:
Series[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, Infinity, 3}]The behavior at negative infinity is quite different:
Series[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, -Infinity, 1}]AiryAiPrime can be applied to power series:
AiryAiPrime[Log[1 + x] + O[x] ^ 4]Integral Transforms (3)
Compute the Fourier transform using FourierTransform:
FourierTransform[AiryAiPrime[t], t, ω]MellinTransform[AiryAiPrime[x], x, s]HankelTransform[AiryAiPrime[r], r, s ]Function Identities and Simplifications (3)
AiryAiPrime[z] + E^(2 I π/3) AiryAiPrime[E^-(2 I π/3) z] + E^-(2 I π/3) AiryAiPrime[E^(2 I π/3) z]//FullSimplifySimplify the expression to AiryAiPrime:
(z^2 Hypergeometric0F1[(5/3), (z^3/9)]/2 3^2 / 3 Gamma[(2/3)]) - ( Hypergeometric0F1[(1/3), (z^3/9)]/3^1 / 3 Gamma[(1/3)])//FullSimplifyFunctionExpand tries to simplify the argument of AiryAiPrime:
FunctionExpand [AiryAiPrime[z Exp[2Pi I / 3]]]//SimplifyFunctionExpand[AiryAiPrime[(z^3)^1 / 3]]Function Representations (4)
Relationship to Bessel functions:
AiryAiPrime[z] == (1/3) (z^2 (z^3 / 2)^-(2/3) BesselI[(2/3), (2 z^3 / 2/3)] - (z^3 / 2)^2 / 3 BesselI[-(2/3), (2 z^3 / 2/3)])//FullSimplifyAiryAiPrime can be represented as a DifferentialRoot:
DifferentialRootReduce[AiryAiPrime[x], x]AiryAiPrime can be represented in terms of MeijerG:
MeijerGReduce[AiryAiPrime[x], x]Activate[%]//FullSimplifyTraditionalForm formatting:
AiryAiPrime[z]//TraditionalFormApplications (4)
Solve differential equations in terms of AiryAiPrime:
DSolve[-9 z ^ 2 w[z] + 9 z ^ 5 w[z] - 15 w'[z] + 20 z ^ 3 w'[z] + 15 z w''[z] - 10 z ^ 4 w''[z] - 6 z ^ 2 w'''[z] + z ^ 3 w''''[z] == 0, w[z], z]Solution of the time‐independent Schrödinger equation in a linear cone potential:
DSolve[{-ψ''[z] + Piecewise[{{z, z > 0}, {-z, z < 0}}] ψ[z] == ε ψ[z],
ψ[0] == 1, ψ'[0] == 0}, ψ[z], z]The normalizable states are determined through the zeros of AiryAiPrime:
b[n_] := x /. FindRoot[AiryAiPrime[x], {x, -(3Pi / 8(Max[0, 4n - 1])) ^ (2 / 3), -(3Pi / 8(4n + 3)) ^ (2 / 3)}]ψ[n_, x_] := 1 / Sqrt[-b[n]] / AiryAi[b[n]]AiryAi[Sqrt[x ^ 2] + b[n]]Plot[Evaluate[Prepend[Table[-b[n] + ψ[n, x], {n, 0, 12}], Abs[x]]], {x, -16, 16}, Frame -> True, Axes -> False]An integral kernel related to the Gaussian unitary ensembles:
ContourPlot[(AiryAi[x] AiryAiPrime[y] - AiryAiPrime[x] AiryAi[y]) / (x - y), {x, -5, 2}, {y, -5.5, 2}, Exclusions -> None]A convolution integral solving the modified linearized Korteweg–deVries equation for any function
:
u[x_, t_] := (3 t) ^ (-2 / 3) Integrate[AiryAiPrime[(x - y) (3 t) ^ (-1 / 3)] f[y], {y, -Infinity, Infinity}]D[u[x, t], t, x] + D[u[x, t], x, x, x, x] //.
α_. Integrate[a_, i_] + β_. Integrate[b_, i_] :> Integrate[α a + β b, i]Properties & Relations (5)
Use FullSimplify to simplify Airy functions, here in the Wronskian of the Airy equation:
Det[Outer[D[#1, {x, #2}]&, {AiryAi[x], AiryBi[x]}, {0, 1}]]FullSimplify[%]Compare with the output of Wronskian:
Wronskian[{AiryAi[x], AiryBi[x]}, x]FunctionExpand tries to simplify the argument of AiryAiPrime:
FunctionExpand [AiryAiPrime[z Exp[2Pi I / 3]]]//SimplifyAiry functions are generated as solutions by DSolve:
DSolve[z w''[z] - w'[z] - z ^ 2w[z] == 0, w[z], z]Obtain AiryAiPrime from sums:
-(1 /3^1 / 3 Gamma[(1/3)])Underoverscript[∑, k = 0, ∞](1/Pochhammer[(1/3), k] k!)((z^3/9))^k + (z^2 /2 3^2 / 3 Gamma[(2/3)])Underoverscript[∑, k = 0, ∞](1/Pochhammer[(5/3), k] k!)((z^3/9))^k//FullSimplifyAiryAiPrime appears in special cases of several mathematical functions:
{ (z^2 Hypergeometric0F1[(5/3), (z^3/9)]/2 3^2 / 3 Gamma[(2/3)]) - ( Hypergeometric0F1[(1/3), (z^3/9)]/3^1 / 3 Gamma[(1/3)]), MeijerG[{{}, {}}, {{0, (2/3)}, {}}, 3^-2 / 3 z, (1/3)]}//FullSimplifyPossible Issues (3)
Machine-precision input is insufficient to give a correct answer:
AiryAiPrime[-10. ^ 12 ]Use arbitrary-precision evaluation instead:
N[AiryAiPrime[-10 ^ 12 ], 10]A larger setting for $MaxExtraPrecision can be needed:
N[AiryAiPrime[-10 ^ 100], 20]Block[{$MaxExtraPrecision = 200}, N[AiryAiPrime[-10 ^ 100], 20]]Machine-number inputs can give high‐precision results:
AiryAiPrime[150.I]MachineNumberQ[%]Neat Examples (1)
Nested integrals of the square of AiryAiPrime:
NestList[Integrate[#, z]&, AiryAiPrime[z] ^ 2, 4]//Simplify//TraditionalFormSee Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Links
History
Introduced in 1991 (2.0) | Updated in 2021 (13.0) ▪ 2022 (13.1)
Text
Wolfram Research (1991), AiryAiPrime, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryAiPrime.html (updated 2022).
CMS
Wolfram Language. 1991. "AiryAiPrime." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2022. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryAiPrime.html.
APA
Wolfram Language. (1991). AiryAiPrime. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryAiPrime.html
BibTeX
@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_airyaiprime, author="Wolfram Research", title="{AiryAiPrime}", year="2022", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryAiPrime.html}", note=[Accessed: 12-June-2026]}
BibLaTeX
@online{reference.wolfram_2026_airyaiprime, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={AiryAiPrime}, year={2022}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryAiPrime.html}, note=[Accessed: 12-June-2026]}