JacobiND[u,m]
gives the Jacobi elliptic function
.
JacobiND
JacobiND[u,m]
gives the Jacobi elliptic function
.
Details
- Mathematical function, suitable for both symbolic and numerical manipulation.
, where
.
is a doubly periodic function in
with periods
and
, where
is the elliptic integral EllipticK.- JacobiND is a meromorphic function in both arguments.
- For certain special arguments, JacobiND automatically evaluates to exact values.
- JacobiND can be evaluated to arbitrary numerical precision.
- JacobiND automatically threads over lists.
Examples
open all close allBasic Examples (4)
JacobiND[4., 1 / 3]Plot the function over a subset of the reals:
Plot[JacobiND[x, 2 / 3], {x, -6, 6}]Plot over a subset of the complexes:
ComplexPlot3D[JacobiND[z, 1 / 3], {z, -2 - 2I, 2 + 2I}, PlotLegends -> Automatic]Series expansions about the origin:
Series[JacobiND[z, m], {z, 0, 6}]Series[JacobiND[z, m], {m, 0, 2}]Scope (34)
Numerical Evaluation (5)
Evaluate numerically to high precision:
N[JacobiND[3, 1 / 3], 50]The precision of the output tracks the precision of the input:
JacobiND[3, 0.33333333333333333333333333333333333333]Evaluate for complex arguments:
JacobiND[2.5 - I, 1 - I]Evaluate JacobiND efficiently at high precision:
JacobiND[3, 0.3`500]//TimingJacobiND[3, 0.3`10000];//TimingCompute average-case statistical intervals using Around:
JacobiND[2, Around[1 / 2, 0.01]]Compute the elementwise values of an array:
JacobiND[-(π/3)I, {{1, 0}, {0, 1}}]Or compute the matrix JacobiND function using MatrixFunction:
MatrixFunction[JacobiND[-(π/3)I, #]&, {{1, 0}, {0, 1}}]Specific Values (3)
Simple exact values are generated automatically:
{JacobiND[z, 0], JacobiND[z, 1]}{JacobiND[0, m], JacobiND[EllipticK[m] / 2, m], JacobiND[EllipticK[m], m]}Some poles of JacobiND:
{JacobiND[EllipticK[m] + I EllipticK[1 - m], m], JacobiND[EllipticK[m] + 3I EllipticK[1 - m], m], JacobiND[3 EllipticK[m] + 3I EllipticK[1 - m], m]}Find a local minimum of JacobiND as a root of
:
xmax = Solve[D[JacobiND[x, 2 / 3], x] == 0 && 1.0 < x < 3.0, x][[1, 1, 2]]//QuietPlot[JacobiND[x, 2 / 3], {x, -1, 7}, Epilog -> {PointSize[Large], Red, Point[{xmax, JacobiND[xmax, 2 / 3]}]}]Visualization (3)
Plot the JacobiND functions for various parameter values:
Plot[{JacobiND[x, 1 / 2], JacobiND[x, 4 / 5], JacobiND[x, 1], JacobiND[x, 3]}, {x, -5, 5}]Plot JacobiND as a function of its parameter
:
Plot[{JacobiND[1, m], JacobiND[2, m], JacobiND[3, m]}, {m, -5, 5}]ComplexContourPlot[Re[JacobiND[z, 1 / 2]], {z, -8 - 8 I, 8 + 8 I}, IconizedObject[«PlotOptions»]]ComplexContourPlot[Im[JacobiND[z, 1 / 2]], {z, -8 - 8 I, 8 + 8 I}, IconizedObject[«PlotOptions»]]Function Properties (8)
JacobiND is
-periodic along the real axis:
JacobiND[x, m] == JacobiND[x + 2EllipticK[m], m]JacobiND is
-periodic along the imaginary axis:
JacobiND[x, m] == JacobiND[x + 4I EllipticK[1 - m], m]JacobiND is an even function in its first argument:
JacobiND[-x, m] == JacobiND[x, m]
is an analytic function of
for
:
FunctionAnalytic[JacobiND[x, m], x, Assumptions -> m <= 1]It is not, in general, an analytic function:
FunctionAnalytic[JacobiND[x, m], {x, m}]//QuietIt has both singularities and discontinuities:
FunctionSingularities[JacobiND[x, m], {x, m}]FunctionDiscontinuities[JacobiND[x, m], {x, m}]
is neither nondecreasing nor nonincreasing:
FunctionMonotonicity[JacobiND[x, 3], x]FunctionInjective[JacobiND[x, m], x, Assumptions -> m > 1]Plot[{JacobiND[x, 3], 2}, {x, -5, 5}]
is not surjective for any fixed
:
FunctionSurjective[JacobiND[x, m], x, Assumptions -> m∈Reals]Plot[{JacobiND[x, 1 / 3], 1.5}, {x, -5, 5}]FunctionSign[JacobiND[x, m], x, Assumptions -> m <= 1]In general, it has indeterminate sign:
FunctionSign[JacobiND[x, m], {x, m}]JacobiND is neither convex nor concave:
FunctionConvexity[JacobiND[x, m], {x, m}]Differentiation (3)
D[JacobiND[x, m], x]derivs = Table[D[JacobiND[x, m], {x, n}], {n, 1, 4}]Plot[Evaluate[derivs /. m -> 1 / 3], {x, -5, 5}, PlotLegends -> {"First Derivative", "Second Derivative", "Third Derivative", "Fourth Derivative"}]D[JacobiND[x, m], m]Integration (3)
Indefinite integral of JacobiND:
Integrate[JacobiND[z, m], z]Definite integral of the even function over the interval centered at the origin:
Integrate[JacobiND[z, 2 / 3], {z, -1, 1}]This is twice the integral over half the interval:
2Integrate[JacobiND[z, 2 / 3], {z, 0, 1}]Integrate[JacobiND[z, m] ^ 2, z]Integrate[JacobiND[z, m]JacobiSD[z, m], z]Series Expansions (3)
Series[JacobiND[x, 1 / 3], {x, 0, 7}]Plot the first three approximations for
around
:
terms = Normal@Table[Series[JacobiND[x, 1 / 3], {x, 0, n}], {n, 2, 6, 2}];
Plot[{JacobiND[x, 1 / 3], terms}, {x, -2, 2}]Series[JacobiND[1, m], {m, 0, 3}]//FullSimplifyPlot the first three approximations for
around
:
terms = Normal@Table[Series[JacobiND[1, m], {m, 0, n}], {n, 1, 3}];
Plot[{JacobiND[1, m], terms}, {m, -2, 2}]JacobiND can be applied to a power series:
JacobiND[ArcSin[x] + O[x] ^ 8, m]Function Identities and Simplifications (3)
Parity transformations and periodicity relations are automatically applied:
JacobiND[-u, m]JacobiND[u + 2 EllipticK[m] + 4I EllipticK[1 - m], m]Identity involving JacobiSD:
JacobiND[z, m]^2 - m JacobiSD[z, m]^2//FullSimplifyJacobiND[z + EllipticK[m], m]JacobiND[z + EllipticK[m] + I EllipticK[1 - m], m]Function Representations (3)
JacobiND[z, m] == (1/JacobiDN[z, m])//FullSimplifyRelation to other Jacobi elliptic functions:
JacobiND[z, m] == JacobiNC[z, m] JacobiCD[z, m]//FullSimplifyJacobiND[z, m] == (JacobiCD[z, m]/JacobiCN[z, m])//FullSimplifyTraditionalForm formatting:
JacobiND[z, m]//TraditionalFormApplications (4)
Cartesian coordinates of a pendulum:
x[t_] = 2ℓ Sin[(φ0/2)]JacobiSN[tSqrt[(g/ℓ)] , Sin[(φ0/2)]^2] / JacobiND[t Sqrt[(g/ℓ)] , Sin[(φ0/2)]^2];y[t_] = -ℓ(2 / JacobiND[tSqrt[(g/ℓ)], Sin[(φ0/2)]^2] ^ 2 - 1);Plot the time‐dependence of the coordinates:
Plot[Evaluate[{x[t], y[t]} /. {ℓ -> 1, g -> 9.81, φ0 -> Pi / 4}], {t, 0, 10}]ParametricPlot[Evaluate[{x[t], y[t]} /. {ℓ -> 1, g -> 9.81, φ0 -> Pi / 2}], {t, 0, 10}]Periodic solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
:
ψ[x_, t_] := r Exp[I p x - I(p ^ 2 - (2 - k ^ 2) r ^ 2) t] / JacobiND[r x - 2 p r t, k ^ 2]Check the solution numerically:
I D[ψ[x, t], t] == -2 ψ[x, t] Abs[ψ[x, t]] ^ 2 - D[ψ[x, t], x, x] /. {x -> 1 / 3`50, t -> 1, k -> 1 / 3, r -> 2, p -> 1 / 3}Plot3D[Evaluate[Abs[ψ[x, t]] ^ 2 /. {r -> 2, p -> 1 / 3, k -> 1 / 2}], {x, -4, 4}, {t, 0, 2}]Parametrize a lemniscate by arc length:
lemniscate[s_] := {JacobiCN[Sqrt[2]s, 1 / 2] / JacobiND[Sqrt[2]s, 1 / 2], JacobiCN[Sqrt[2]s, 1 / 2]JacobiSN[Sqrt[2]s, 1 / 2] / Sqrt[2]}Show arc length parametrization and classical parametrization:
r[θ_] := If[Cos[2θ] > 0, Sqrt[Cos[2θ]], 0];Row[{ParametricPlot[{r[θ]Cos[θ], r[θ]Sin[θ]}, {θ, -Pi, Pi}, ImageSize -> Small],
ParametricPlot[Evaluate[lemniscate[s]], {s, 0, Gamma[1 / 4] ^ 2 / Sqrt[2Pi]}, ImageSize -> Small]}, Spacer[20]]Zero modes of the periodic supersymmetric partner potentials:
Subscript[V, + ][z_] := 2 - m + 2(m - 1)JacobiND[z, m]^2
Subscript[ψ, + ][z_] := JacobiND[z, m]Subscript[V, - ][z_] := 2 - m - 2JacobiND[z, m]^-2
Subscript[ψ, - ][z_] := JacobiND[z, m]^-1Series[{-D[Subscript[ψ, + ][z], z, z] + Subscript[V, + ][z]Subscript[ψ, + ][z], -D[Subscript[ψ, - ][z], z, z] + Subscript[V, - ][z]Subscript[ψ, - ][z]}, {z, 0, 12}]Row[{Plot[Evaluate[{Subscript[V, + ][z], Subscript[ψ, + ][z]} /. m -> 1 / 2], {z, -4, 4}, ImageSize -> Small],
Plot[Evaluate[{Subscript[V, - ][z], Subscript[ψ, - ][z]} /. m -> 1 / 2], {z, -4, 4}, ImageSize -> Small]}, Spacer[20]]Properties & Relations (3)
Compose with inverse functions:
{JacobiND[InverseJacobiND[z, m], m], InverseJacobiND[JacobiND[z, m], m]}Use PowerExpand to disregard multivaluedness of the inverse function:
PowerExpand[%]Solve a transcendental equation:
Solve[JacobiND[x, m]^2 + 3JacobiND[x, m] == a, x]//QuietJacobiND can be represented with related elliptic functions:
JacobiND[z, m] == -(JacobiDC[z, m] / (JacobiDS[z, m] ^ 2 (JacobiCN[z, m] - JacobiNC[z, m])))//FullSimplifyJacobiND[z, m] == (JacobiCN[z, m] (JacobiCS[z, m] + JacobiSC[z, m])) / (JacobiCS[z, m] JacobiDC[z, m])//FullSimplifyPossible Issues (2)
Machine-precision input is insufficient to give the correct answer:
JacobiND[10. ^ 15, 2 / 3]N[JacobiND[10 ^ 15, 2 / 3], 20]Currently only simple simplification rules are built in for Jacobi functions:
1 + m JacobiSD[u, m] ^ 2 - JacobiND[u, m] ^ 2//FullSimplifyJacobiND[u, m]JacobiDS[u, m]JacobiSN[u, m]//FullSimplifySee Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Links
History
Introduced in 1988 (1.0)
Text
Wolfram Research (1988), JacobiND, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiND.html.
CMS
Wolfram Language. 1988. "JacobiND." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiND.html.
APA
Wolfram Language. (1988). JacobiND. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiND.html
BibTeX
@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_jacobind, author="Wolfram Research", title="{JacobiND}", year="1988", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiND.html}", note=[Accessed: 12-June-2026]}
BibLaTeX
@online{reference.wolfram_2026_jacobind, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={JacobiND}, year={1988}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiND.html}, note=[Accessed: 12-June-2026]}