BetaRegularized[z,a,b]
gives the regularized incomplete beta function
.
BetaRegularized
BetaRegularized[z,a,b]
gives the regularized incomplete beta function
.
Details
- Mathematical function, suitable for both symbolic and numerical manipulation.
- For nonsingular cases,
. - BetaRegularized[z0,z1,a,b] gives the generalized regularized incomplete beta function defined in nonsingular cases as Beta[z0,z1,a,b]/Beta[a,b].
- Note that the arguments in BetaRegularized are arranged differently from those in GammaRegularized.
- For certain special arguments, BetaRegularized automatically evaluates to exact values.
- BetaRegularized can be evaluated to arbitrary numerical precision.
- BetaRegularized automatically threads over lists.
- BetaRegularized can be used with Interval and CenteredInterval objects. »
Examples
open all close allBasic Examples (6)
BetaRegularized[2, 2.4, 3.2]Plot over a subset of the reals:
Plot[BetaRegularized[z, 3, 1], {z, -3, 3}]Plot over a subset of the complexes:
ComplexPlot3D[BetaRegularized[z, 5, 3], {z, -2 - 2I, 2 + 2I}, PlotLegends -> Automatic]Series expansion at the origin:
Series[BetaRegularized[x, 5, 3], {x, 0, 10}]Asymptotic expansion at Infinity:
Series[BetaRegularized[x, 1, -1 / 3], {x, ∞, 3}]//Normal//FullSimplifyAsymptotic expansion at a singular point:
Series[BetaRegularized[x, 5, 1], {x, 1, 3}]//FullSimplifyScope (36)
Numerical Evaluation (6)
BetaRegularized[2, 0.5, 5]BetaRegularized[1, 0, 5]N[BetaRegularized[15 / 17, 5, 1], 50]The precision of the output tracks the precision of the input:
BetaRegularized[0.211111111111111111, 5, 1]N[BetaRegularized[23 / 47, 5 - I, 2]]Evaluate efficiently at high precision:
BetaRegularized[23 / 47, 5, 1`100]//TimingBetaRegularized[15 / 71, 5, 1`10000];//TimingCompute worst-case guaranteed intervals using Interval and CenteredInterval objects:
BetaRegularized[Interval[{1.2, 2.1}], 2, 1]BetaRegularized[CenteredInterval[2, 1 / 8], 2, 1]Or compute average-case statistical intervals using Around:
BetaRegularized[ Around[1.2, 0.01], 1, 2]Compute the elementwise values of an array:
BetaRegularized[{{1 / 2, -1}, {0, 1 / 2}}, 1, 2]Or compute the matrix BetaRegularized function using MatrixFunction:
MatrixFunction[BetaRegularized[#, 1, 2]&, {{1 / 2, -1}, {0, 1 / 2}}]//FullSimplifySpecific Values (4)
Values of BetaRegularized at fixed points:
Table[BetaRegularized[z, 1, 2 ], {z, 1, 5}]Table[BetaRegularized[1 / z, 1, 2], {z, 2, 4}]BetaRegularized[0, 0, 0 ]BetaRegularized[ComplexInfinity, 1, 3 ]BetaRegularized[Infinity, 1, 2 ]Find a value of z for which the BetaRegularized[z,1,3]=3.5:
zval = z /. FindRoot[BetaRegularized[z, 1, 3] == 3.5, {z, 0.1}]Plot[BetaRegularized[z, 1, 3], {z, -5, 5}, Epilog -> Style[Point[{zval, BetaRegularized[zval, 1, 3]}], PointSize[Large], Red], PlotRange -> {-20, 20}]Visualization (3)
Plot the BetaRegularized function for various parameters:
Plot[Evaluate[Table[BetaRegularized[z, a, b], {a, 3}, {b, 3}]], {z, -3, 3}]ContourPlot[Re[BetaRegularized[3, a, b]], {a, -3, 3}, {b, -3, 3}, IconizedObject[«PlotOptions»]]ContourPlot[Im[BetaRegularized[3, a, b]], {a, -3, 3}, {b, -3, 3}, IconizedObject[«PlotOptions»]]Function Properties (9)
is defined for all real and complex values:
FunctionDomain[BetaRegularized[z, 1, 1], z]FunctionDomain[BetaRegularized[z, 2, 1], z, Complexes]BetaRegularized[-z, 1, 1] == -BetaRegularized[z, 1, 1]The regularized incomplete beta function
is an analytic function of
for positive integer
:
FunctionAnalytic[BetaRegularized[x, a, 1], x, Assumptions -> a > 0 && a∈ℤ]Thus, any such function will have no singularities or discontinuities:
FunctionSingularities[BetaRegularized[x, 1, 1], x]FunctionDiscontinuities[BetaRegularized[x, 1, 1], x]For other values of
,
is neither analytic nor meromorphic:
FunctionAnalytic[Beta[x, 1 / 2, 1], x]FunctionMeromorphic[Beta[x, 1 / 2, 1], x]
is neither non-increasing nor non-decreasing:
FunctionMonotonicity[BetaRegularized[x, 1, 2], x]
is injective for positive odd
but not positive even
:
FunctionInjective[BetaRegularized[x, 2k, 1], x, Assumptions -> k > 0 && k∈ℤ]FunctionInjective[BetaRegularized[x, 2k + 1, 1], x, Assumptions -> k > 0 && k∈ℤ]Plot[{BetaRegularized[x, 3, 1], BetaRegularized[x, 4, 1], 5}, {x, -2, 2}]
is surjective for positive odd
but not positive even
:
Table[FunctionSurjective[BetaRegularized[x, a, 1], x], {a, 5}]Plot[{BetaRegularized[x, 3, 1], BetaRegularized[x, 4, 1], -5}, {x, -2, 2}]
is non-negative for positive even
but indefinite for odd
:
Table[FunctionSign[BetaRegularized[x, a, 1], x], {a, 5}]FunctionConvexity[BetaRegularized[x, 2k, 1], x, Assumptions -> k > 0 && k∈ℤ]TraditionalForm formatting:
BetaRegularized[z, a, b]//TraditionalFormDifferentiation (3)
First derivative with respect to z:
D[BetaRegularized[z, a, b], z]First derivative with respect to a:
D[BetaRegularized[z, a, b], a]First derivative with respect to b:
D[BetaRegularized[z, a, b], b]Higher derivatives with respect to z:
Table[D[BetaRegularized[z, a, b], {z, k}], {k, 1, 3}]//FullSimplifyPlot the higher derivatives with respect to z when a=2 and b=3:
Plot[Evaluate[% /. { a -> 2, b -> 3}], {z, -5, 5}, PlotLegends -> {"First Derivative", "Second Derivative", "Third Derivative"}]Formula for the ![]()
derivative with respect to z:
D[BetaRegularized[z, a, b], {z, k}]// FullSimplifyIntegration (3)
Compute the indefinite integral using Integrate:
Integrate[BetaRegularized[``z, a, b``], z]FullSimplify[D[%, z]]Integrate[BetaRegularized[``z, a, b``], {z, 0, 4}]Integrate[z BetaRegularized[``Sqrt[z], 2, 1``], z]//FullSimplifyIntegrate[ z^2 BetaRegularized[``z, 3, 5``], {z, 0, 4}]//FullSimplifySeries Expansions (5)
Find the Taylor expansion using Series:
Series[BetaRegularized[x, a, b], {x, 0, 3}]Plots of the first three approximations around
:
terms = FullSimplify[Normal[Table[Series[BetaRegularized[x, 4, 1], {x, 2, m}], {m, 1, 3, 1}]]];
Plot[{BetaRegularized[x, 4, 1], terms}, {x, -3, 3}]FourierSeries[BetaRegularized[x, 1, 3], x, 1]// FullSimplifyFind the series expansion at Infinity:
Series[BetaRegularized[x, a, b], {x, Infinity, 0}]Find the series expansion for an arbitrary symbolic direction
:
Series[BetaRegularized[x, a, b], {x, DirectedInfinity[z], 1}, Assumptions -> x > 0]// FullSimplifyTaylor expansion at a generic point:
Series[BetaRegularized[x, a, b], {x, x0, 2}]// FullSimplifyFunction Identities and Simplifications (3)
Regularized incomplete beta function is related to the incomplete beta function:
BetaRegularized[x, y, a, b]//FunctionExpandBetaRegularized[x, a + 1, b] == BetaRegularized[x, a, b] - (x ^ a (1 - x) ^ b/a Beta[a, b])//FullSimplifyBetaRegularized may reduce to a simpler form:
BetaRegularized[x, 1, b]Generalizations & Extensions (8)
Ordinary Regularized Incomplete Beta Function (5)
Evaluate at integer and half‐integer arguments:
BetaRegularized[z, 2, 5]//FunctionExpandBetaRegularized[z, 1 / 2, 3 / 2]//FunctionExpandInfinite arguments give symbolic results:
BetaRegularized[Infinity, 1, 2]BetaRegularized threads elementwise over lists:
BetaRegularized[{2, 3, 5, 7}, 2.5, 0.5]BetaRegularized can be applied to power series:
BetaRegularized[1 + x + O[x]^2, a, 5 / 2]Series[BetaRegularized[z, a, b], {z, Infinity, 2}]Give the result for an arbitrary symbolic direction:
Series[BetaRegularized[z, a, b], {z, DirectedInfinity[x], 2}]Generalized Regularized Incomplete Beta Function (3)
Evaluate at integer and half‐integer arguments:
BetaRegularized[z, 2, 7 / 2, 1 / 2]//FunctionExpand//SimplifySeries expansions at generic points:
Series[BetaRegularized[z0, z1, a, b], {z0, ζ, 2}]Series[BetaRegularized[z0, z1, a, b], {a, α, 1}]Series[BetaRegularized[z0, z1, a, b], {z1, Infinity, 2}]Applications (4)
Plot of the absolute value of BetaRegularized in the complex plane:
Plot3D[Abs[BetaRegularized[x + I y, -1.5, 3]], {x, -2, 2}, {y, -1, 1}]Plot3D[Re[BetaRegularized[2, ax + I ay, I]], {ax, -5, 2}, {ay, -1, 1}]Distribution of the average distance s of all pairs of points in a d‐dimensional hypersphere:
p[d_, s_] := d s ^ (d - 1) BetaRegularized[1 - s ^ 2 / 4, (d + 1) / 2, 1 / 2]Low‐dimensional distributions can be expressed in elementary functions:
Table[FullSimplify[FunctionExpand[p[d, s]], s > 0], {d, 3}]Plot[Evaluate[Table[p[d, s], {d, 10}]], {s, 0, 2}]The CDF of StudentTDistribution is given in terms of BetaRegularized functions:
p[n_, r_] = CDF[StudentTDistribution[n], r]Plot the CDF for various parameters:
Plot[Evaluate[Table[p[ν, x], {ν, 1, 6}]] , {x, 0, 5}]1 - CDF[StudentTDistribution[n], r]//PiecewiseExpandThe CDF of FRatioDistribution is given in terms of BetaRegularized functions:
p[n_, m_, r_] = CDF[FRatioDistribution[n, m], r]Plot the CDF for various values of the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom:
Plot[Table[p[n, 10, x], {n, {2, 5, 20}}]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 2}, Exclusions -> None]Plot[Table[p[10, m, x], {m, {1, 5, 20}}]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 2}, Exclusions -> None]Properties & Relations (3)
Use FunctionExpand to express through Gamma and Beta functions:
FunctionExpand[BetaRegularized[z, a, b]]Numerically find a root of a transcendental equation:
FindRoot[BetaRegularized[z, 2, 3] - 4 BetaRegularized[2, z + 2, 3] + z == 6, {z, 1}]Compose with the inverse function:
BetaRegularized[InverseBetaRegularized[z, a, b], a, b]Use PowerExpand to disregard multivaluedness ambiguity:
PowerExpand[%]Possible Issues (3)
Large arguments can give results too large to be computed explicitly:
BetaRegularized[10 ^ 20., 10 ^ 30., 10. ^ 20.]Machine‐number inputs can give high‐precision results:
BetaRegularized[10. ^ 1, 10. ^ 3, 10. ^ 2]MachineNumberQ[%]Regularized beta functions are typically not generated by FullSimplify:
FunctionExpand[BetaRegularized[z, a, b]]FullSimplify[%]Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Links
History
Introduced in 1991 (2.0) | Updated in 2021 (13.0) ▪ 2022 (13.1)
Text
Wolfram Research (1991), BetaRegularized, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaRegularized.html (updated 2022).
CMS
Wolfram Language. 1991. "BetaRegularized." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2022. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaRegularized.html.
APA
Wolfram Language. (1991). BetaRegularized. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaRegularized.html
BibTeX
@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_betaregularized, author="Wolfram Research", title="{BetaRegularized}", year="2022", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaRegularized.html}", note=[Accessed: 13-June-2026]}
BibLaTeX
@online{reference.wolfram_2026_betaregularized, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={BetaRegularized}, year={2022}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaRegularized.html}, note=[Accessed: 13-June-2026]}